From a one-person Houston firm in 1957 to a global portfolio, mechanical engineer Gerald D. Hines redefined commercial real estate development by uniting systems performance, anchor-tenant preleasing, and trophy office...

Architectural criticism and spatial analysis work together to evaluate how buildings and public spaces truly perform beyond surface aesthetics. Drawing on AIA New York panelists, leading critics, and architectural theory,...

American social movements fought over who controls city housing, schools, transit, and public space. This guide explores U.S. social movement historical sites and urban rights landmarks through both their organizing...

Navigate the overlapping federal, state, and municipal rules governing urban infill, rehabilitation, and suburban peripheral development near historic districts. This parcel-level guide explains how National Register designations, Section 106 reviews,...

From the monolithic concrete cube of Casa Poli to their parallel work in painting and models, Pezo von Ellrichshausen organizes geometric form around an internal system called spatial structure. This...

This guide pairs critical-memory scholarship on post-industrial urban toponymy with the U.S. municipal procedures governing official street name changes, symbolic co-naming, and park designations. It examines how planners, policymakers, and...

Ai Weiwei and HHF's 2008 Five Houses Project uses experimental residential design as a research tool, repeating and varying one well-proportioned unit across five named houses—Low, Secret, Introverted, Theater, and...

Bridging the gap between workshop form and on-water behavior, this guide breaks down the hydrostatics, stability math, and design rules behind U.S. experimental watercraft and student flotation competitions.

Discover how rigorous architectural research exposes the history of racialized urban landscapes in the United States, from HOLC mapping and FHA underwriting to exclusionary zoning. Explore core concepts in spatial...